美國Seracare熱滅活大腸桿菌O121:H19物種陽性對照

廣州健侖生物科技有限公司

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美國Seracare熱滅活大腸桿菌O121:H19陽性對照

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美國Seracare熱滅活大腸桿菌O121:H19陽性對照

當你期待的東西——比如你在餐廳點餐——或者引發你興趣的東西，這時*的電節律就會席卷你的大腦。這些電波被稱為伽馬振蕩，它們反映了細胞的交響曲，即興奮性和抑制性相互協調。盡管γ波的作用一直有爭論，但其已與更高級別的腦功能相關聯，以及它的干擾模式已與精神分裂癥，阿爾茨海默氏病，自閉癥，癲癇癥和其它疾病有關。
現在，索爾克研究所的新研究表明，小有名氣的被稱為星形膠質細胞的大腦支持細胞，實際上可能是控制這些電波的主要參與者。相關文章發表于2014年7月28日的《PNAS》雜志上。
索爾克研究人員報告了新的，意想不到的策略(通過禁用星形膠質細胞而不是神經元)減小伽馬振蕩。在這個過程中，研究組表明，星形膠質細胞有助于伽馬振蕩形成，這對于某些形式的記憶是至關重要的。
“這可以被稱為一個確鑿的證據，”合作者Terrence Sejnowski說。他是索爾克生物科學研究所計算神經生物學實驗室的負責人和霍華德休斯醫學研究所的研究員。“有數百篇論文認為伽馬振蕩和記憶力以及注意力有關。這是*，我們已經能夠做一個因果的實驗。通過選擇性地阻斷伽馬振蕩，研究表明，它對大腦與世界如何相互作用有一個非常具體的影響。”
索爾克研究所的Sejnowski教授，Inder Verma和斯蒂芬·海涅曼實驗室合作， 在小鼠的大腦中，星形膠質細胞鈣信號的活動形式緊跟在伽馬振蕩之前。這表明，星形膠質細胞，和神經元一樣，使用許多相同的化學信號影響這些振蕩。
為了驗證他們的理論，該研究組使用攜帶破傷風毒素的病毒禁止星形膠質細胞選擇性釋放化學物質的能力，有效地消除了細胞與鄰近細胞的溝通能力。神經細胞不受毒素的影響。
添加化學物質引發動物大腦的伽馬波后，研究人員發現，攜帶有缺陷的星形膠質細胞的腦組織比含有健康細胞的組織產生更短的伽馬波。而且，添加三個允許研究人員有選擇地打開和關閉星形膠質細胞的破傷風毒素的基因后，他們發現，星形膠質細胞的信號傳導被阻斷的小鼠的伽瑪波被削弱了。關閉毒素則抗原抗體了這一效果。
星形膠質細胞經過修改后的小鼠看似*健康的。但經過幾個認知測試后，研究人員發現，它們缺乏一個主要領域：新物體識別。正如預期的那樣，健康小鼠比熟悉的物品花更多的時間在置放于其環境中的新物品。與此相反，該研究組的新突變小鼠處理所有的物品的時間都是相同的。
“在某種意義上說，這原來是個驚人的結果，新物體識別記憶不只是受損，而是已經沒了，就好像我們刪除這一種形式的記憶，而其它完好無損，” Sejnowski說。

美國Seracare

我司還提供其它進口或國產試劑盒：登革熱、瘧疾、流感、A鏈球菌、合胞病毒、腮病毒、乙腦、寨卡、黃熱病、基孔肯雅熱、克錐蟲病、違禁品濫用、肺炎球菌、軍團菌、食品安全、化妝品檢測、藥物濫用檢測等試劑盒以及日本生研細菌分型診斷血清、德國SiFin診斷血清、丹麥SSI診斷血清等產品。

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【公司名稱】 廣州健侖生物科技有限公司
【市場部】    楊永漢

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【騰訊  】 2042552662
【公司地址】 廣州清華科技園創新基地番禺石樓鎮創啟路63號二期2幢101-103室

When you look for something - such as when you order at a restaurant - or something that interests you, the unique rhythm rolls over your brain. These waves are called gamma oscillations, and they reflect the symphony of the cell, the excitatory and inhibitory coordination of each other. Although the role of gamma-wave has been debated, it has been associated with higher levels of brain function and its mode of interference has been associated with schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, autism, epilepsy and other diseases .
Now, new studies at the Salk Institute show that the little-known brain-supporting cells, called astrocytes, could actually be the main players in controlling these waves. The article was published in the July 28, 2014 PNAS magazine.
Sork researchers reported new and unexpected strategies to reduce gamma oscillations by disabling astrocytes instead of neurons. In the process, the team showed that astrocytes help form gamma oscillations, which are crucial for some forms of memory.
"This can be called a conclusive evidence," said collaborator Terrence Sejnowski. He is the head of the computational neurobiology lab at the Salk Institute for Biological Sciences and a researcher at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. "Hundreds of papers have argued that gamma oscillations are associated with memory and attention, and for the first time, we have been able to do a causal experiment, and by selectively blocking gamma oscillations, studies show how it interacts with the world The role has a very specific impact. "
In collaboration with Professor Sejnowski at the Salk Institute, Inder Verma, and Stephen Heinemann Labs, the astroglial calcium signaling activity in mice brains immediay follows gamma oscillations. This suggests that astrocytes, like neurons, affect many of these oscillations using many of the same chemical signals.
To validate their theory, the team used tetanus toxin-containing viruses to block the ability of astrocytes to selectively release chemicals, effectively eliminating the cells' ability to communicate with neighboring cells. Nerve cells are not affected by toxins.
After chemicals added to trigger the brain's gamma waves, the researchers found that brain tissue carrying defective astrocytes produced shorter gamma waves than tissues containing healthy cells. Moreover, after adding three genes that allow researchers to selectively open and close astrocytes in the tetanus toxins, they found that the gamma waves in mice blocked by astrocyte signaling were impaired It's Anti-toxin turned off this effect.
The modified astrocytes seem compley healthy. But after a few cognitive tests, the researchers found that they lacked one of the main areas: new object recognition. As expected, healthy mice spend more time placing new items in their environment than familiar items. In contrast, the new mutant mice in the study group treated all the items for the same amount of time.
"It turned out to be a surprising result in a sense that the new object recognition memory is not just damaged, but gone, just as if we deleted this form of memory while the rest were intact," Sejnowski said.